Benefits of Medical Marijuana :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

In an the article titled medical using up of marihuana the topic is that of people who uses marijuana for medical reasons verses those who uses it yet because. thither be indications that marijuana is sometimes used to alleviate pain from cancer, to reduce nausea from chemotherapy, and to mitigate the wasting syndrome of AIDS. Studies come suggested that the medical use of marijuana is common among people with HIV/AIDS (CAMJ). There was a survey that involved telephone interviews with Ontario male adults eighteen familys and older and completed with 2508 people. In the weighted sample 49 respondents account using marijuana for a medical reason in the year preceding the survey, a total of 173 respondents reported using marijuana, but not for medical reasons. The remaining 2305 respondents in the weighted sample reported no use of marijuana in the preceding year (CAMJ). In this article it was also stated that compared with nonusers, those who use marijuana for any reason tend to be younger, much likely to have alcohol problems and more likely to have used cocaine in their lifetime. Those who use marijuana for medical reasons were similar to other users but more likely to use cocaine. around 2 percent of the population can claim the right to use marijuana for medical reasons, considering their needs, confronts the growth of a system to make sure they have entry to quality-controlled marijuana for medical use and could increase arguments for decriminalization of marijuana for personal use. The use of marijuana for any reason was linked with a male, relative youth, smoking cigarettes, a lot of drinking, and the use of cocaine (CAMJ). Additional research has to be performed to decide whether uses with alcohol, drugs and other lifestyle choices influence the want for marijuana use and viewpoint in its medical benefits. Marijuana also known as weed is a preparation of leafy material from the Cannabis plant that is smoked. There are different types of Cannabis from the sativa to the indica. A high grade of Marijuana is called sinsemilla. The main psychoactive agent is the delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol also known as THC. When the cannabinoid particles are smoked, THC is absorbed very fast into the blood and distrusted first to the brain and then emptied into the rest of the body. Within thirty minutes of absorption much has left-hand(a) the brain. Within five to ten minutes the peak mood- altering and cardiovascular effects will occur together.

Media: Source of Todays Violence? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive E

Media Source of Todays Violence? In recent years, intense scrutiny has incur upon the delight industry with critics claiming that it has great influence on the minds of todays youth. But, what exactly are the effects of such an influence? Certain people confound exaggerated the effects that it plays on children. some(prenominal) people, including government officials, have singled out television, video games, and movies as itthe cause of some types of violence simply because it is an easy posterior for laying the blame. The truth is that these three media sources are nowhere near the actual causes for acts of violence and other crimes. Studies on the issue are, at best, inconclusive on the issue. Many people believe that television, movies, and video games are the cause of crime because they dont know the facts on the issue. They single them out because they have violent images and connotative themes and therefore believe that these will create violence in real l ife. When a violent crime is committed by a youth, the crime is ofttimes blamed on the television or the movies that the youth watched or the video game they just played. Many people will start thinking this is true, ground on the fact it seems like a plausible explanation. People will start trying to censor violent images and possibly even ban them. But, by censoring the images it will just make people want to see them more. Humans are inherently attracted to violence and if they cant see it on television or in movies, they will go elsewhere to get it. Violent television, movies and especially video games offer a way to relieve underline without actually committing any crimes or hurting anyone. Before humans could see or engage in virtual violence, we... ...rnment continues legislation on Capitol Hill on the V-Chip. This the governments answer to controlling what kids can watch. Its a device thats implemented into the television set prohibiting certain shows from be ing viewed. The parents of the dwelling decide what shows to block. This is not the answer. If a kid wants to watch a certain show or movie on television, then they will simply go to a friends house that doesnt have the V-Chip. My solution to the problem rests on the shoulders of the parents. They parents must be knowledgeable about their childs maturity level and whether or not they can handle such programming. By educating the parents on the content of certain shows, movies, and video games, I believe the amount of blame toward the entertainment industry for violence will be alleviated. After all, children are a reflection of their parents.

Robotics in Education Essay -- Essays Papers

Robotics in EducationRobotics plays a overcritical role in the teaching and maintenance of the world instantly. The industrial age of machinery has been trans drawed into an age of automation combining mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering into the research and development of robotics technology. Practically everything automated today relies upon a robot of sort automobile engines, personal computers, space exploration, assembly lines, and mining, to name a few. But each robotics advancement has a purpose, non fairish to function in its programming, but also to serve as a step in a stairway of get up. Without something to improve upon, how can progress be made? Anyway its looked at, the technology-dependent world today relies on the advancement in robotics as technology controls so much of the world already.Robotics is a research-based field, seeded in education. Education consists of two main parts today general education, and advanced education. General educ ation includes the basics in math, science, history, language, etc. This form of education is usually learned by a person throughout their K-12 education, and into much of college as well. Advanced education is comprised of more specific field-relative information, and is worked on by upper-level and graduate-level college students. The vast majority of robotics researchers did not receive any engineering training until they reached college, as robotics fits into the advanced education category. But skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and basic engineering skills are not difficult to master and could in fact be incorporated into general education without a problem. These skills are not in the curriculum because most people have not needed... ...s knowledge. Information for the beginner is given throughout the book, but it is still useful for the advanced. Current projects and positioning of the world of robotics are explained in detail. A book intended to inform a research-type person of summed knowledge. Not much relevance to the teaching or skill of robotics as a method.- Baum, Dave. Dave Baums Definitive Guide to Lego Mindstorms. Emeryville, Calif. New York Apress, 2000.This e-book is a comprehensive overview of the LEGO Mindstorms robotics set. Most of the book is used on explaining the various parts to the set. include are ideas and reasoning behind specifics of the set related to childhood development. Projects and useful ways of using the blocks are listed. Also included is info on how the blocks assist develop specific engineering-based skills at such a young age.

Clockwork Orange :: essays research papers

The movie A Clockwork Orange takes place in the future of London. Anthony Burgess originally wrote it. Later on made into a movie, and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The movie is to represent ultra-violence and how there is no scientific cure yet. The social context is very violent in the beginning showing scenes of rape and assault. The movie shows a violent killer and rapist, and an attempt to cure him that fails. The author of A Clockwork Orange is Anthony Burgess, also went by the bod Joseph Kell. He was born on February 25, 1917, in Manchester. His family was middle class, and their religious background was Catholic. His family life was not easy. His father was a cashier and piano player. His mother died of the flu in 1919, two years after he was born. So with his mother gone and his father not doing to great financially, his maternal aunt then embossed him. His stepmother then raised him. Despite the many changes in where he was living, he always was good in school. He contin ued his studies at Xaverian College and Manchester University. When in college he studied the English language, and literature. He finished school in 1940, which was right around World War II. So he now had to serve at the Royal Army Medical corps. He fell in love and got married in 1942, to an alcoholic named llwela Isherwood, who passed away in 1968 due to alcohol. Burgess was released from the aesculapian corp. around 1945, and then started teaching. He held down to jobs from 1946 to 1950. The jobs were a college professor at Birmingham University and a teacher at Banbury Grammar School. He was not writing that much at this point, only studying music. Anthony Burgess completed his first novel in 1949, although it was finished, it was not published until 1965. In 1954 he was an education officer, he then wrote a trilogy. This trilogy included Time for a Tiger, The Enemy in the Blanket, and Beds in the East.

Symbolic Meaning of Edna’s Arms and Teeth in Chopin’s The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening

Symbolic Meaning of Ednas Arms and Teeth in Chopins The waking upAlthough characters personalities are described vividly in The Awakening through action, dialogue, and descriptions of clothing, little is presented of the characters physically. While Edna is alone in Madame Antoines house, resting, two routines occur in which special(prenominal) aspects of her body are highlighted. Prior to this scene, it is known only that she is considered pretty and that her hair and eyes are a similar yellow- embrown color. At Madame Antoines house, however, where Edna loses sense impression of time while resting, first her arms and then her teeth demonstrate her peculiar strengths.It is problematic to consider Edna as square so soon after having nearly swooned in the small island church. Although we know that she had slept little the night before and that her invitation to Robert was her first conscious move into a new sort of consciousness, her apparent moment of epiphany is accompanied by an all too typical display of feminine weakness. Moments later, lying in Madame Antoines bed, Edna is revealed as contradictorily strong. While stretching her strong limbs that ached a little Edna pauses and notices her arms. She looked at her round arms as she held them straight up and rubbed them one after the other, observing closely, as if it were something she saw for the first time, the fine, tighten quality and texture of her flesh (58). In this description, her arms appear detached from the rest of her body. She discovers that she has strengthnot of spirit or mind, which is what the rest of the narrative focuses on, only of body. After she awakens, her attention is drawn away from her self personally, but the description of her returns to this physical strength when she finds the snack Madame Antoine had left for her. Edna bit a piece from the brown loaf, tearing it with her strong, white teeth (59). Because there is no other description in the paragraph, her teeth here st and out as odd. The action of seize with teeth the loaf rather than cutting or tearing it with her hands exhibits her characteristic carelessness, but also a bit of viciousness that is surprising. The teeth represent her possible strength here, in action rather than in rest, as she had seen her arms. It is unclear to me what significance, if any, there might be to these images of her arms and her teeth.

Symbolic Meaning of Edna’s Arms and Teeth in Chopin’s The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening

Symbolic Meaning of Ednas Arms and Teeth in Chopins The AwakeningAlthough characters personalities are described vividly in The Awakening with action, dialogue, and descriptions of clothing, little is presented of the characters physically. While Edna is alone in Madame Antoines house, resting, two moments occur in which specific aspects of her body are highlighted. Prior to this scene, it is known only that she is considered fine and that her hair and eyes are a similar yellow-brown color. At Madame Antoines house, however, where Edna loses sense of time while resting, first her arms and then her teeth demonstrate her peculiar strengths.It is problematic to consider Edna as strong so soon after having nearly swooned in the small island church. Although we know that she had slept little the shadow before and that her invitation to Robert was her first conscious move into a new sort of consciousness, her apparent moment of epiphany is accompanied by an all too typical reveal of fe minine weakness. Moments later, lying in Madame Antoines bed, Edna is revealed as contradictorily strong. While stretching her strong limbs that ached a little Edna pauses and notices her arms. She looked at her round arms as she held them straight up and rubbed them one after the another(prenominal), observing closely, as if it were something she saw for the first time, the fine, firm quality and texture of her flesh (58). In this description, her arms fall out detached from the rest of her body. She discovers that she has strengthnot of spirit or mind, which is what the rest of the narrative focuses on, however of body. After she awakens, her attention is drawn away from her self personally, but the description of her returns to this physical strength when she finds the snack Madame Antoine had left for her. Edna bit a piece from the brown loaf, tearing it with her strong, white teeth (59). Because there is no other description in the paragraph, her teeth here stand out as odd. The action of biting the loaf rather than cutting or tearing it with her hold exhibits her characteristic carelessness, but also a bit of viciousness that is surprising. The teeth represent her latent strength here, in action rather than in rest, as she had seen her arms. It is unclear to me what significance, if any, there might be to these images of her arms and her teeth.

Differences between Chinese and American food culture Essay

The histories, boundaries, population, religions, politics, folks, economy of America and China are not the same, so the feed culture of the two countries are not the same. Chinese culture starts from 1,700,000 years ago. When someone says something about Chinese food culture, they must praise the color, taste, smell, public figure of the Chinese dish and the types of the dish. Most of people in China are used to let rice and wh swallow as their daily main food resource. Meat is not the major food for us.Chinese people always believe that rice, wheat, vege put back, fruit are the best for our health. In contrast, meat would give more(prenominal) troubles to our health, for example, heart attack, high blood pressure, and etc. It is because the population pressure, we should set about the rice and wheat for the main food, we do not have enough meat to eat. We eat vegetable to help pharynx the main food, for the main food is not delicious, the function of vegetable in china is like salt. Chinese cook should knock down the food, so the food which is not delicious becomes more delicious and wonderful.Because of handicraft industry in china is develop, the technology of processing the food is the second to none in the world. These are the characters of Chinese food culture. The technology of processing the food in China is very develop, a lot of food that the foreigner fantasy is unable to eat can be made when you see it, your appetite exit develop at once. We eat every thing if possible. we do not have any taboo. The writings about aid the famine are a lot, so we can know which potherb can be eaten when the famine comes. eat is the first require in China, we thought eating food is a happy thing.We can not eat full and dress warm in the past years, so eating has the special position in Chinese lives. American people more or lessly have meat as their food resource. The most important is that they mostly have beef, chicken, shrimp, turkey, instead of pork and lamb. The food style gives American people much more energy than we have. They are much stronger than us. That is the fact For meat is delicious in nature, American do not need to decorate their food, it limits the development of the cook. When they are rich, they use the dining tools to represent their rich.They do not purse eat because it is easy content for them, they purse love instead. Americans do not daintily the details of the food, it is not excessive too, it is in a ordinary style, it is voluntary the whole day. In restaurants, you can easily find hamburger, steak, ribs with a little rice and a piece of bread, because their live style are so fast. The styles that Chinese and Americans eat are very different too. In China, any dinner party has a form that everyone sits around the table. We use round table in the banquet, it means solidify, manner and having the common habits.The delicious dinner is placed in middle of the table. People toast for each other and take veget ables to others. It shows the value and comity among people in front of the fantastic thing. Although this kind of eat method has obvious shortages in sanitation, it matches the common thought reunion of our race. In American dinners, though the food and wine are important, actually that is a set off-key. The purpose of the party is making friends. They make friends by chat with their neighbor. It also represents Americans personality and respect.When Americans have meals, they do not allow people make a noise, they do not allow take vegetables for others, do not allow smoking, do not allow compelling others drinking wine, do not allow take off clothes in public, do not allow discuss sickening. If you have finished food in a restaurant, you should leave a ten per cent tip for lunch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax. The method we drink tea is the quintessence of our country, it has a extensive standing. When we drink tea, we emphasize clear and elegant.We daintily the co-ordinated of the tea and tea cups. There are many kinds of tea cups in China. Chinese rarely hold on tea party, if there are some, the hosts themselves effuse tea for the guests. Chinese like drinking tea instead of drinking coffee. But Americans like drinking coffee, they also drink tea, they hold tea parties sometimes. The converse is the core of the party. The tea party is a place where can train the diplomat. The dining tools between the two countries are different. Chinese use chopsticks. The thin and long chopsticks cannot be used to cut food, so we usually use our teeth to act as knives.We hold our food, meat or vegetable, with the chopsticks, send them to the mouths, bite off a part of it and remain the other part on the chopsticks. Thats the usual way we eat. We are also used to hold up our bowl when having rice or soup. The etiquette in the America requests that when eating, bowls and plates cannot lea ve the tables. Food should be cut by knives to fit into the mouths. Of course your mouth cannot touch the plates or bowls. So the regular process is like this. You cut your steak on the plate with fork and knife, send the meat cube into the mouth with fork and nothing will be returned back but the fork alone.

Journal of Consumer Behavior Essay

Consumer complaints and convalescence through guaranteeing self- religious answer technology NICHOLA ROBERTSON1*, LISA MCQUILKEN1 and JAY KANDAMPULLY2 1 Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia 2 Ohio State University, 266 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA ABSTRACT Self- go technologies argon shaping the prospective of consumer conduct, yet consumers often experience service failure in this context. This conceptual subject focuses on self-service technology failure and recovery. A consumer perspective is taken. regain from self-service technology failure is fraught with difficulty, mainly because of the absence of service personnel. The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical modeling and associated research propositions in respect to the positive role that service guarantees can play in the context of self-service technology failure and recovery.It contributes to the consumer behaviour domain by unifying(a) the th eory pertaining to consumer complaint behaviour, service recovery, specifically consumers perceptions of goodice, and service guarantees, which are set in a distinctive self-service technology context. It is advanced that service guarantees, specifically multiple attribute-specific guarantees, are associated with consumer voice complaints following self-service technology failure, which is contingent on the attribution of blame in the light of consumers production role.Service guarantees are argued to be associated with consumers perceptions of just recovery in the selfservice technology context when they promise to fix the problem, compensate only when the problem cannot be remedied, offer a choice of compensation that is contingent on failure severity, afford ease of invocation and collection, and provide a personalised response to failures. Previous classifications of SSTs are used to cotton up the applicability of guarantees for different types of SSTs. Managerial implication s based on the theoretical framework are presented, along with future research directions. Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.INTRODUCTIONThe maturement application of technology in services hastransformed the way that organisations interact with consumers (Liljander et al., 2006). Self-service technologies (SSTs) are technological interfaces that enable consumers to generate benefits for themselves, without the presence of the organisations personnel (Meuter et al., 2000). They enable consumers to take an active role in the production of their service experience. As SSTs are a major force shaping consumer behaviour (Beatson et al., 2006), the implications for both consumers and organisations select to be considered. The failure of SSTs is commonplace (Forbes, 2008 Robertson and Shaw, 2009).SST failure, or consumers perception that one or more aspects of SST delivery conduct not met their expectations, is attributed to poor service and failing technology (Meuter et al., 2000) . Failures are inevitable with all services, especially SSTs that introduce new types of failures, much(prenominal) as consumer failures (Forbes, 2008 Meuter et al., 2000). However, SST recovery, e.g., fixing the problem and providing compensation, is generally reported to be poor (Forbes, 2008).While consumers demand a superior response to SST failure, complaints are largely in legally handled in this context (Collier and Bienstock, 2006). This is despite the fact that SST failure intensifies the need for recovery because consumers are often remote from service personnel (Collier and Bienstock, 2006). SST providers have ignored consumers, denied responsibility for failure, blamed consumers for the problem, *Correspondence to Nichola Robertson, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia. E-mail nichola.robertsondeakin.edu.auand provided a generic complaint response (Forbes, 2008 Holloway and Beatty, 2003). Unsurprisingly, consumers might not bother vo icing because they believe that it impart be useless (Holloway and Beatty, 2003 Snellman and Vihtkari, 2003). If consumers are displease with an SST encounter and service recovery is perceived to be inept, they will switch and/or spread prejudicious word of mouth and/or mouse (Collier and Bienstock, 2006 Dong et al., 2008 Harris et al., 2006a).In the social service context, it has been argued, albeit rarely, that service guarantees, or explicit promises made by organisations to deliver a certain level of service to satisfy consumers and to remunerate them if the service fails (Hogreve and Gremler, 2009), are an effective recovery tool (Bjrlin-Lidn and Skln,2003 Kashyap, 2001 McColl et al., 2005). In a recovery encounter, service guarantees have been found to provide benefits, such as reducing consumer dissatisfaction, negative word of mouth, and switching (Wirtz, 1998). We argue that in the context of SST failure, service guarantees could act as a surrogate for service personnel who, in the social service context, encourage consumer complaints and facilitate recovery.Following our extensive review of service guarantees employed in the SST context, it was revealed that guarantees are uncommon in practice for non-Internet SSTs, such as kiosks and synergistic voice response (IVR). However, in the Internet context, they appear to be more widespread. For example, guarantees are often used in the context of on fall banking, where online security, in particular, is guaranteed. They are likewise prevalent in the hotel context, typically in the form of online price matching guarantees. Therefore, the real-life examples of SST guarantees provided throughout this paper are skewed toward Internet SSTs. However, inN. Robertson et al. guarantees also have the ability to enhance consumers perceptions of fairness following failure. SST guarantees indicate justice in a context that is mostly devoid of interpersonal and other external cues, thereby encouraging consumer v oice, facilitating service recovery, and, ultimately, retaining the organisations reputation and its consumers.Our paper contributes to the consumer behaviour domain by adding to the underdeveloped literature on consumer complaints, consumer recovery perceptions, and service guarantees in the SST context, in addition to bringing these independent streams of literature together. As SST recovery in practice is reported to be deficient from the consumer perspective, further exploration of this matter is warranted. The remainder of this paper justifies a conceptual framework that describes how guarantees applied to different types of SSTs can encourage consumers to voice following failure and enable organisations to provide just recovery for consumers. We close with theoretical contributions, managerial implications, and an agenda forfuture research.developing our propositions, we apply the SST classification schemes developed by Dabholkar (1994) and Meuter et al. (2000) in respect to technology type, purpose, and location. These schemes will be used to highlight the SST contexts that best fit the application of guarantees, which is beyond Internet SSTs. There are devil key types of guarantees commonly offered in interpersonal services, unconditional and attributespecific, that also appear to be relevant in the SST setting. An unconditional guarantee covers the core service offering, and consumers are free to invoke it whenever they are dissatisfied (Wirtz et al., 2000). The attribute-specific guarantee is narrower in breadth, covering either a single or multiple service attributes (Van Looy et al., 2003). It is directed to areas within an organisation where consumers perceive that the guarantee adds tax (Hart et al., 1992). The attribute-specific guarantee is the type most common in interpersonal services (Van Looy et al., 2003).Our review revealed that this also applies to SSTs. For example, Hertz car rental offers its consumers online check-in for rentals. I t guarantees that online check-in enables consumers to piece up a rental vehicle within 10 minutes or less. If it fails to fulfil this specific promise, consumers are credited $50. In another example, match.com, an online geological dating service, guarantees via its Make Love Happen Guarantee, that if consumers do not find someone special in half-dozen months of using its site, it will provide them with six months free service. In the interpersonal service context, consumers have been found to prefer attribute-specific guarantees when they consider invoking the guarantee, . . . probably for their clarity and manifest nature (McDougall et al., 1998 289). We further argue that in the SST context, generally devoid of service personnel and, therefore, with reduced opportunities for consumer monitoring, the clarity of an attribute-specific guarantee is less likely to attract consumer abuse (McCollough and Gremler, 2004).Therefore, we advocate and assume for the remainder of this pape r an attribute-specific guarantee. This can cover multiple SST attributes, which is referred to as a multiple attribute-specific guarantee. For example, BestPrintingOnline.com, an online printing service, guarantees both the quality of its product and on-timedelivery. This type of guarantee provides consumers with the opportunity to complain about(predicate) several SST problems via guarantee invocation (Bjrlin-Lidn and Skln, 2003). In the context of service recovery, the examination of service guarantees has been scarce, and the use of service guarantees in the SST context has not been examined before. This is confirmed by Hogreve and Gremler (2009) in their review of the past 20years of service guarantee research.To begin to address these gaps, our paper conceptualises the role of service guarantees in the SST failure and recovery context from the consumer perspective. We consider different types of SSTs in developing our propositions. We argue that SST guarantees encourage consu mers to voice their complaints via guarantee invocation in the absence of service personnel. In line with the call for research examining the justice dimensions (i.e., distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) of service recovery in the SST context (Forbes et al., 2005), we propose that SST Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKThe conceptual framework proposed (see Figure 1) is grounded in the theory pertaining to service guarantees, consumer voice, attribution theory, and justice theory. In justifying the framework, the distinctive characteristics of the SST context were considered, including the requirement of consumer co-production that is independent of service personnel, a lack of interpersonal interaction with service personnel, and consumers being obliged to interface and interact with technology (Robertson and Shaw, 2009). When studying SSTs, it is important to distinguish meaningfully between their types (Meuter et al., 2000). In terms of ca tegorising SSTs, two key classification schemes can be drawn. The most cited classification scheme is that proposed by Dabholkar (1994).Her classification scheme considers the following variables (i) who delivers the service (degree and level of consumer participation) (ii) where the service is delivered (location of the SST, i.e. remote, such as IVR or onsite, such as kiosks) and (iii) how the service is delivered (technology type, i.e. Internet and non-Internet, such as kiosks and IVR). More recently, Meuter et al. (2000) proposed a similar classification of SSTs. As per Dabholkars (1994) scheme, they include the different types of technologies that organisations use to interface with consumers (i.e.,Internet and non-Internet) and the purpose of the technology from the viewpoint of consumers, that is, what consumers accomplish from using the technology (i.e., transactions and/or customer service).

Genetically Food Essay

An arguable statement virtually genetically engineered nutrient be the means to dying hunger around the world is gaining momentum as the population continues to increase and people continue to die of starvation. In the biotech world, what is k straightwayn as hoidenish biotechnology, supporters count that this could guarantee and brinytain food security for the hungry. On the other hand many people score concerns over consuming genetically engineered food.Many foods on the market today contain some part of GM (genetically limited) food. Approximately 85% of corn, 91% of soybeans, and 88% of cottonseed be genetically engineered which are utilize on food for human consumption. (http//truefoodnow. org/campaigns/genetically-engineered-foods/) The question re of imports on whether genetically engineered food safe? Various groups do non deem biotechnology as the swear out to closing world hunger but they consider poverty to be the reason for the shortage of food worldwide.In or der to discuss the possible advantages or disadvantages of genetically engineered food, it must be defined. Genetic Engineering as defined by Merriam-Webster is a group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology engrossd to knock up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce the result into an organism in order to change one or more of its characteristics.The term genetically Modified is commonly used term to describe food that has been modified in a laboratory to ca-ca preferred traits such(prenominal) as resistance to pest and diseases, increased nutritional value, and much more. Farmers have been crossbreeding animals and plants for years to produce desired traits but this traditional form rat be a lengthy process and not in truth accurate at times. Using a laboratory for genetic engineering not only can they yield the traits being sought after but can do it in a much faster rate and with more accuracy .In 2008, GM crops were planted on an estimated 308. 8 million acres worldwide, a year-over-year increase of 26. 4 million acres. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) There are currently 25 countries growing genetically engineered crops. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) In 1994 the first genetically engineered whole product, a tomato, went on the market. (Whitman) This not a raw technology but people are becoming more aware of what they are in taking with their food. Supporters of GM food say that these foods pose no risk and are not different from conventional foods.As Tietel and Wilson stated in their book, genetically Engineered Foods Changing the Nature of Nature What You Need to Know to comfort Yourself, Your Family, and Your Planet, would you want to be on a jetliner and open your morning paper as the plane is taking off see that they are just now doing test to determine whether or not the new model plane you are in is safe? Of course not, one would hope that all interrogatory has been done prior t o the plane being put into use.Our government, scientists, and researchers who support the concept are bequeathing to allow genetically engineered food into our diets without sufficient testing being done to understand any long term effects. Numerous environmental groups look that genetic engineering must be discarded due to the unidentified effects they may have on humans. Some of the main arguments against GM foods are what environment hazards they may cause, the health risk to humans, and economic concerns.Genetically modified food is already present in some many food sources that we ingest one would have to ask if there disadvantages to producing and utilizing genetically engineered food? the like anything else that is done there are hazards associated with the process and they must be addressed. The FDA set forth guidelines for testing to ensure the safety of bioengineered food. In 1994 they also established a credit process to assist developers in meeting the safety stand ards set forth in their guidelines. (Bren, 2003) The problem many protestors of GM food see is that the consultation is not mandatory and is only on a volunteer basis.Nothing guarantees that all companies are using the volunteer process although the FDA believes they all are. A main safety concern involving genetically modified crops is the danger of introducing allergens and toxins into these foods. The news will report on huge jumps in childhood food allergies, but the reports move over to consider the link between the changes in Americas diet. (Smith, 2007) In the 1990s a study was done showing that people who were allergic to nutlike had an allergic reaction to soybeans that had been altered using a protein found in Brazil Nuts.Some people have severe food allergies to nuts and reactions can be life threatening. The only way to conclusively test for allergies is by human consumption. Opponents of GM food state the people are being used as guinea pigs. (Smith, 2007) Incidents s uch as the allergic reactions to GM soybeans shows how vitally important it is to label products that have been engineered. Governments and factions that back genetically engineered foods dont feel labeling are necessary because they say there is no significant difference between GM food and unmodified food.If genetically modified food is sacking to be a success, we have to market it, not hide it, said Elbert van Donkersgoed, executive director of the Christian Farmers Federation of Ontario. (Strathdee, 1999) Consumers have the right to be informed. Organic foods are labeled beef that has been grass fed only and contains no hormones are labeled, as well as eggs that were produced by confine free chickens. Everything has a label saying what it is made of except when it copes to GM food. By not labeling GM products it makes it seem as if there is something to hide about them.Fears over what genetically modified crops may do to the environment have activist condemning corporations f or putting profit over possible hazards. Herbicide-tolerant crops are designed to tolerate herbicides that are used to kill unwanted plants such as dummys but can also kill the crop. These types of are commonly know as Roundup ready because they are designed to resist Monsantos glyphosate herbicide, known as Roundup. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) The worries is that weeds will cross-breed with the Roundup ready crops and create a super weed that will be hard to kill.Now the weeds that died when treated with Roundup are now resistant just like the crops. Having super weeds would force companies to come up with different chemical compounds to combat the issue possibly causing new toxins to be released into the environment. Roundup ready seeds become useless and now sodbusters lose property because they cant keep the weeds out of their crops. Not only do you worry about cross-breeding the possibility of cross-pollination can happen from one farmers field of GM crops to another farmers field of non GM crops.Farmers have been sued because companies feel slighted saying that GM seeds were used and they received no money from it. Moral questions are raised whether it is truly about the money are helping to produce better food sources? Along with herbicide-tolerant crops, you also have insect-resistant crops that have pesticides inserted to help with pest control. Just like with herbicide-tolerant crops, you run the risk of insects mutating and no longer being affected by the pesticide.DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) which was developed in the 1940s was used to fight insect-borne diseases such as malaria, typhus, and others that effected crops and animals as well. For awhile it was affective on mosquitoes but some species became immune to and rendering it ineffective. It was lastly banned due to be harmful to humans and the environment in the United States. Using crops that have pesticides in them we run the risk of pesticides becoming useless. excessively the heal th and environmental hazards, there are also economic concerns as well.Making genetically modified food is costly and lengthy process and agricultural companies are looking to make a profit. They patent their products and technologies so that no one can violate their rights and use them. Consumers worry about prices been driven up by the patents and farmers and poorer countries not being able to pay for them. With all these negative candidates that I have mentioned it no wonder that so many are against the use and genetically modified crops. Consumer advocates see that most companies seem to be in it for the financial gain and not to end world hunger. Not every aspect involving genetically modified crops is bad.They contain some very good attributes that may be able fix the supply and demand for food for the worlds growing population. Food would no longer be a scarce commodity and the supply could be increased to meet the demands of a growing population. The main advantages of bioe ngineered crops are the ability to incorporate pesticides and herbicides into the seed, being able to increase the nutritional value to better meets the needs of the impoverished, pharmaceutical purposes, cold and drought tolerance, and phytoremediation. Crop losings for farmers from insects can ravage them financially cause famine for third world countries.Due to the threat of insects farmers use a lot of chemicals to protect their crops. Chemicals have proved to be harmful to the environment, animals, and humans. Agricultural waste has polluted water ways and damaged some ecosystems beyond repair. Genetically modified crops with pesticides added into them reduces the need to spray huge amounts of chemicals that pollute the air and water. Similar to crops altered with pesticides, herbicide-tolerant plants reduce the amount of herbicides used keep crops from being killed by them lessens the destructive outcome on the environment.Spraying herbicides is very time consuming and often will take multiple sprayings to be affective. Expenses associated with treating crops are reduced and agricultural waste is nearly eliminated. This transforms to savings for consumers and makes food more affordable for those living in poverty. Certain areas of the world are prone to drought while others may have unexpected frost. Scientist and developers have created an anti-freeze gene that will keep crops from dying off in during a cold snap. With climate change and weather becoming unpredictable this technology will benefit so many.In countries like Africa that dessert conditions farmers will be able to grow crops that are able to survive long periods without rain. States that receive snow and freezing temperatures as earlier as October will be able to yield crops after the first frost. Everyone has seen the commercials on of the starving children asking to you to give just thirty cents a day to help feed them. Children featured are malnourished and living off nothing more than rice and water. Where poverty is so far go around in underdeveloped countries and peoples diet only consist of a few items, they heretofore lack the necessary nutrients that are needed for survival.Consequences of not getting a balanced diet full of vitamins and minerals will cause many to die or suffer other ailments that are preventable with vitamins and minerals such as blindness. What if the rice may possibly be altered to add in the vital missing vitamins and minerals? The nutritional value of the food could be heighten to include beta-carotene which is vitamin A, that would fix the deficiency and keep people from going blind due to the lack there of this vitamin.Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of engine room Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of golden rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene. (Whitman, 2000) There millions of people around the world in undeveloped countries and are impoverished and unable to afford life saving vaccines and medicines. Vaccines and medicine are costly to produce and sometimes require certain computer memory conditions which a lot of countries dont have where the poor live. Scientists are growing plants that will produce anti-bodies to fight heart disease, cancer, and tooth decay.(Bren, 2003) Not only that, they are also experimenting with fruits and vegetables that contain vaccines. This would make them so much easier to ship, store, and administer compared to traditional ways. Countless lives may possibly be saved. Survival of the human race and the ending of pointless suffering is great advantage to biotechnology. Humans have caused so much pollution to the planet. Numerous ecosystems have been destroyed and thousands of species are now extinct. Phytoremediation is the holdfast of plants such as trees to help clean up heavy metal contamination from the soil.The roots would soak up contaminates and clean the soil so that it becomes executable once again. Pollution plagu es society in almost everything we do. Biotechnology is the wave of the future. Advocates of GM food truly feel that the technological advances ought to be seen as near and way to end global hunger and help the environment. Famine and malnourishment could be things of the past. Picture a world where everyone has enough food to eat, afforded medicines, and vaccines, and the environment is washed due to less chemicals being used.Scientist and researchers are always looking for ways to better the planet for the survival of mankind for generations to come. The issue arises is that there are still so many unknowns with genetically modified food. Further test need to be conducted to fully conclude that no long term effects outlive and that is safe for humans and animals. The answer to world hunger is staring us in the face and through proper education we should not be scared to use it.References http//www. epa. gov/pesticides http//www. merriam-webster. com http//truefoodnow. org/camp aigns/genetically-engineered-foods/ Bren, L.(2003). Genetic Engineering the Future of Foods? FDA Consumer Nov/Dec 2003 37, 6 Research Library Core pg. 28 Marshall, M. (2012). GM food The Case For The defense. New Scientist, 216(2886), 8-9. Smith, J. (2007).Genetically Engineered Foods May Cause Rising Food AllergiesGenetically Engineered Soybeans Retrieved from http//www. responsibletechnology. org/gmo-dangers/health-risks Strathdee, M. (1999). Group demands mandatory labeling of genetically altered food. Canadian Press News Wire. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/359528626? accountid=32521 Thomas, L. Of, T. P. (2002).Genetically altered food creates labeling dilemma for the industry. St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/402087128? accountid=32521 Teitel, M. , & Wilson, K. (1999). Genetically Engineered Foods Changing the Nature of Nature What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, Your Family, and Your Planet. Park Street Pre ss. Turk, J. , & Bensel, T. (2011). Contemporary environmental issues. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc Whitman, D. (2000). Genetically Modified Foods Harmful or Helpful? Retrieved from http//www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php.

A Semiotic Approach on How Meaning Can Be Created in an Audience

A Semiotic Approach on How Meaning brook Be Created In An Audience humanity intellectual and complaisant life is based on the production, use, and exchange of signs (Danesi, 2002) As Danesi (2002) states, signs are an underlying part of society from watching television, listening to music, reading, writing or talking, we are engaged in sign based behaviour. This engagement with signs is cognise as the study of semiotics.Dating back to 460-377BC, with the founder of Western medical science, Hippocrates, coining the term, then known as semeiotics, he described signs consisting of three dimensions the physical dimension, known as the signifier, the referent, or signified, and the signification (Danesi, 2002). These dimensions only have signification when it has someone to mean to (Williamson, 1978). In the 20th century, semiotic theory was developed by a group of semioticians, linguists, psychologists and cultural theorists, based on the saussurean-Piercean paradigm (Danesi, 2002) .First introduced to the public in the 1950s by Roland Barthes, to describe our mediated culture, semiotics is essential when creating an advertisement. Among other things, semiotics plays a signifi trickt role in engaging the intended audience- the buyer. Whether it is the elderly, teens, children, men or women, the military position of colours, text, images and other signs, play a let out role in the success of the advertisement (Scott, 1994).By taking a semiotic approach, this essay impart demonstrate how meaning can be haved in an audience, by the analysis of two advertisements, and discussing how codes and context of use are central in the anchoring of meaning. First introduced by Roland Barthes (1977), the notion of anchorage, discusses the linguistic essentials that can help anchor, or constrain, how a referee interprets an image to fix the floating chain of signifieds (Barthes, 1977). The advertisements chosen are from differing and contrasting clips the first from ico nic fashion time Vogue and the other from a mens magazine, Mens Health.These differing genres have been chosen to illustrate how contexts and codes within specific friendly relations, groups, classes, institutions, structures and things (Thwaites, Davis and Mules, 2002) play an integral role in creating meaning (Scribd, 2012). Much of what we have come to understand about society, is learnt from the texts that are presented around us through Hollywood blockbusters, to novels and magazines. Chandler concludes that life is thence lived through texts and framed by texts to a greater extent than we are normally aware of (Chandler, 2001).This means that advertisements not only refer to real earth concepts that we deal with day to day, that they also make reference to other texts. The level of this intertextuality (Fiske, 1987) is what influences social beliefs and ideals in the world we live in. The advertisement from Vogue (See ad 1) features a sepia- colour scheme, with an allurin g fe antheral to the right, and a bottle of jadore Dior redolence, to the left. Many signifiers are present in this advertisement the female (Charlize Theron), is appareled in an elegant gold beaded dress, with a high beaded neckline, drawing the viewers eye to her strong jaw-line and bronzed face.Her pose is that of elegance and situation, the ground light shining around her slim figure. The colour of the clothing, and overall image, compliment the golden-sepia tone of the bottle of perfume on the left. Chandeliers are placed around the perfume bottle, and out of focus behind the woman. The signifieds present are the gold dress giving an impression of the woman being a high profile constituent of society of, chandeliers are present in homes of the wealthy and the sepia tones represent warmth. By using a female of celebrity status, the advertisements appeal rises with the wider female audience, receivable to her known status.The key connotations featured in this advertisement are the gold coloured dress evinces wealth, elegance and popularity. The powerful and elegant stance of the woman entails power a female will gain when wearing this fragrance. Due to her celebrity status, the audience can also feel empowered, with a celebrity status. The sepia tones connote warmth, and invite the viewer to become involved with the advertisement. Along with the bronzed body of the woman, the French writing jadore (meaning I love) adds an essence of romance, and connotes zest, and sex appeal.As the ad connotes power, it is open for both upper and lower/middle class woman to interpret. Upper class woman could strive to maintain power, whilst lower class desire to gain power, by using the product. The way the creators of the ad have placed the female in this position, in these surroundings, to represent the product, has been done deliberately to target the craved audience woman have a desire to feel beautiful, powerful, and sexy, therefore the creator has appropriate ly placed the advertisement in a womens very well known and popular fashion magazine, to gain maximum results from the targeted audience.Leiss (1990) states that at the core of advertisings purposes now is not the message itself as a communicator of meaning, but rather its relationship to the audience (Leiss et al. , 1990). With the development of the theory of marketing segmentation, it is logical to therefore conclude that creators of advertisements dont focus on the product, but the signs and codes that connate particular meanings of positivity that are related to a certain lifestyle, culture, or social group (Scribd, 2012).The connotations pervade media representations, and symbolise psychological or social themes and situations that are familiar and understandable to the audience (Danesi, 2002), in order to boffoly sell the product. The advertisement from the Mens Health (see ad 2), is marketing tom turkey Ford Perfume. This somewhat controversial ad has many key signifiers. The male figure lying on a bed is the predominant focus, followed by a female hand with red nail polish touching the males chest. The object that is being advertised is only shown as a half.The basic colour scheme is black and white, with the exception of the red nail polish and orange cologne bottle. The signifieds present are the male is an essential selling point of the advertisement, therefore he takes up the majority of the page. Sex appeal is what the advertiser is trying to convey, and the glimpse of a female hand can be seen as elegant and flirty. The key connotations are the male figure as desirable and powerful- every woman would want an inner connection with him. The red fingernails connote passion, desire, lust, and a thirst for action (Danesi, 2002).By using this cologne, the advertisement connotes that the user will become the ultimate object of desire, playing in to the male want of intimate connections with females. As the male figure has sex appeal the advertiseme nt encourages the partner of a male to purchase the fragrance, so she could have a sexy male partner. The orange tone of the cologne bottle connotes warmth, stimulating the senses. When producers try to convey certain meanings, audiences may or may not assign the same meanings (Littlejohn, 1996).As mentioned in the first analysis, the advertisement is open to other audiences, whilst the male cologne ad is more closed, but it is up to the reader to decide whether or not they croak to the context or not. Signs are combined in to texts, but a text has no meaning on its own (Smagorinsky, 2001). It draws value from surrounding elements and from reader association, but also from what it is not (Littlejohn, 1998). The amalgamation of these creates the context in which the text functions if you arent a wearer of perfume or cologne, you will have no affaire in what it is trying to sell you, hence the importance of context.Thwaites and colleagues (2002) mention that the social situations in which a sign is used may determine the appropriate content, geek of sign and coding signs contextual functions indicate the context in which it operates (Thwaites, Davis and Mules, 2002). Chandler explains that Stuart Hall pointed to the role of social positioning in the interpretation of mass media texts by distinct social groups (Chandler, 2001). Hall also suggested three hypothetical models of interpretive codes or positions for the reader of a text (Hall, 1980). But what Hall and also Chandler miss, is what happens when you dont understand an advertisement at all?Because, as Griffin says like chameleons that take on the colouration of their environment, words take on their meaning of the context in which they are used (Griffin, 2000). The opinion that the usefulness of semiotics decreases and is above all dependant on the skill of the interpreter is not new. Leiss (1990) argues that a key drawback for semiotics is that it is heavily dependent upon the skill of the individual analyst (Leiss, 1990). Less skilful analysts can do little more than state the obvious in a complex and often pretentious manner (Leiss, 1990).As Littlejohn (1996) states meanings of a message are affected by events outside the message itself, therefore the most successful advertisements focus on making sure the audience understands the content being conveyed (codes) and the content lays emphasis on certain meanings over others (context). In this perspective, the kind of magazine reflects how meanings are emphasised. Bignell (1997) even argues that as well as being a collection of signs, the magazine is a sign in itself (Bignell, 1997), the magazine is therefore a powerful ideological force (McRobbie, 2000) in society.Even though some postmodernists believe that texts are endlessly polysemic (Barthes 1977, Fiske 1987), meanings are still able to be communicated. Leiss (1990) argues that for advertising to create meaning, the reader or viewer must do some work, because the meaning is not lying there on the page, one has to make an bm to grasp it (Leiss et al, 1990). When analysing both of these advertisements, this statement is correct- the creators of the ad have given the reader A and C but the reader must fill in the blank, or as it is known in this example, B.The application of semiotics in advertising varies significantly depending on the product being sold. Common themes almost alship canal curb the same- the sense of freedom or excitement you get from purchasing a specific car or the feeling of popularity when you drink a certain figure of alcohol (Messaris, 1997). This is done by using specific images, which resonate with the intended audience. For example, if there is an advertisement for a new Jeep, images of it going through all types of terrain will be shown, or alcoholic beverages are advertised at a party scene, all to make the audience want to buy the product (Messaris, 1997).As Chandler and Bignell suggest, signs and codes can be a medium its elf, and described by Leiss (1990) an ad is a mediator between creator and reader, standing at the confluence of the double exemplary process in the marketplace, where producers of goods try to attempt to construct one set of meanings, and where consumers use these meanings (along with meanings drawn from other sources) in the construction of their own lifestyles (Leiss et al. , 1990).This is why semiotics is significant, even on a basic level, as it can show us how meanings have the ability to both construct and maintain particular social attitudes and ideals of a specific society. On a multifaceted level, the notion of intertextuality is intriguing and should be studied more widely as it exposes the many intricate ways in which contexts transfer from each other, showing how the contexts migrate from one another and portray the uncertainty of meaning. Appendix Ad 1. Ad 2. Bibliography Barthes, R. 1977, Image-Music-Text, London. Bignell, J. 1997, Media Semiotics An Introduction, Ma nchester Manchester University Press.Chandler, D (2001), Semiotics, the bedrock, Routledge. Culler, J. 1985, Saussure, London. Danesi, M. 2002, An Outline of Semiotic guess, In Understanding Media Semiotics, London, pp 28-53. Dior, 2012, (Dior Advertisement), Vogue Magazine, June 2012, pp. 1-2. Fiske, J. 1987, Intertextuality in Fiske, J, Television culture, Methuen Griffin, E. 2000, Communication a first look at chat theory, McGraw-Hill. Hall, S, 1980, Encoding/decoding, In Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (Ed. ) Culture, Media, Language Working Papers in Cultural Studies, London. Leiss, W. Kline, S. & Jhally S. , 1990, Social Communication in publicize Persons, Products and Images of Well-Being, 2nd Edn, London. Littlejohn, S. 1996, Theories of Human Communication, 5th Edn, Wadsworth. McRobbie, A. 1995, Feminism and Youth Culture, 2nd edition, Macmillan Press, London. Messaris, P. 1997, Visual Persuasion The Role of Images in Advertising, Sage. Scott, M. 1994, Image s in Advertising The need for a Theory of Visual Rhetoric, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 252-273. Scribd 2012, Scribd, Date Accessed 25 May 2012, http//www. scribd. om/doc/22099314/Semiotic-analysis-of-two-ads? &lang=en_us&output=json&session-id=74ea6fd65172766fface3eec2d5bfb14. Smagorinsky, P. 2001, If meaning is constructed, what is it made from? Toward a cultural theory of reading, Review of Educational Research, vol. 71, pp. 133-169. Tom Ford, 2010, (Tome Ford Advertisement), Mens Health Magazine, March 2010, pp. 2. Thwaites, T. , Davis, L. & Mules, W. 2002, Introducing Cultural and Media Studies a semiotic approach, New York. Williamson, J. 1978, Decoding Advertisements Ideology and Meaning in Advertising, London.